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Rain Forest

The Main Ridge Forest Reserve is a protected area located in Tobago, a small island nation in the Caribbean. Established in 1776, it is the oldest forest reserve in the Western Hemisphere and covers approximately 10% of Tobago’s land area.

The Main Ridge Forest Reserve is home to a wide variety of flora and fauna, including over 200 species of birds, over 600 species of butterflies, and numerous species of mammals, reptiles, and amphibians. It is also an important watershed that provides drinking water to local communities.

The forest reserve offers numerous hiking trails and nature walks, as well as opportunities for birdwatching and wildlife viewing. The reserve is also an important site for research and education, with several institutions conducting studies on the ecology and biodiversity of the forest.

The Main Ridge Forest Reserve is a crucial component of Tobago’s natural heritage, and its protection and conservation are vital to the island’s future sustainability.

Related Guides

  • Butterflies of Tobago

    Tobago is home to a diverse range of butterfly species. Some of the most commonly observed species on the island include:

    1. The Blue Emperor (Morpho peleides): This large butterfly is known for its brilliant blue wings, which are often visible from great distances. It is found in forested areas throughout Tobago.
    2. The Postman (Heliconius melpomene): This striking butterfly has black wings with bright orange spots and a red stripe. It is found throughout Tobago in a variety of habitats.
    3. The Zebra Longwing (Heliconius charithonia): This species has long, narrow wings that are black with white stripes. It is found in forested areas and gardens throughout Tobago.
    4. The Common Buckeye (Junonia coenia): This butterfly has brown wings with large eyespots that resemble the eyes of a deer. It is found in a variety of habitats throughout Tobago.
    5. The White Peacock (Anartia jatrophae): This species has white wings with black and orange markings. It is found in open areas and gardens throughout Tobago.

    These are just a few of the many butterfly species that can be found on Tobago. The island’s diverse range of habitats, from forested areas to open fields and gardens, provide a home to a wide variety of butterfly species.

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    Hillsborough Reservoir

    Hillsborough Reservoir, which was commissioned in May 1952, by His Excellency Sir Hubert Elvin Rance, then Governor of Trinidad and Tobago, is the only impounding reservoir in Tobago.

    The reservoir is located 870 feet above sea level, Hillsborough has a rustic beauty and an elegantly designed spillway which provides a safety outlet when the reservoir is too full. The reservoir has a maximum storage capacity of 1.02 million m³ and the water treatment plant located just below can produce up to 9,091m3 per day.
    Water from the reservoir serves areas such as Mt. St. George, Concordia, Whim, Mary’s Hill, Union and Les Coteaux.

    The raw water from the reservoir passes through two strainers that clear the incoming water of large debris such as branches, twigs and leaves before entering the chemical house. Aluminium sulphate (alum) is added to make the suspended particles of silt and mud in the water coagulate and form large and heavier particles that sink to the bottom of the sedimentation (or settling) basins. The water is then filtered through layers of sand and gravel, a process that removes fine particles still in the water. The final stage of the water treatment process is the addition of lime, to counteract the acidity of the water and the injection of chlorine to destroy any disease-causing bacteria.

    Construction of the Hillsborough Dam significantly changed the landscape but the catchment area and the reservoir still teem with an abundance of wildlife and a variety of flora.
    There are twenty-eight (28) species of birds documented at Hillsborough which will excite the interest of any bird watcher.

    WASA

    pictures of hillsborough dam in Tobago
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    Tobago Heritage Festival

    The Tobago Heritage Festival is an annual event that takes place on the island of Tobago in the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. The festival celebrates Tobago’s rich cultural heritage and traditions and takes place over a two-week period in late July and early August.

    During the festival, visitors can enjoy a wide range of cultural events and activities, including traditional music and dance performances, storytelling sessions, arts and crafts exhibitions, and local cuisine. The festival also features historical reenactments and demonstrations of traditional skills such as boat-building, basket-weaving, and wood-carving.

    One of the highlights of the Tobago Heritage Festival is the “ole time wedding” reenactment, which is a recreation of a traditional Tobagonian wedding from the past. The festival also includes a “parang” competition, which is a type of traditional music that originated in Trinidad and Tobago.

    The Tobago Heritage Festival provides an opportunity for visitors to learn about Tobago’s rich history and cultural heritage, and to experience the island’s unique traditions and way of life. The festival is a vibrant celebration of Tobago’s past, present, and future, and is a must-see event for anyone visiting the island.

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    Snakes of Tobago

    Tobago is home to several species of snakes, although they are not commonly seen by visitors to the island. The snakes of Tobago are generally harmless to humans, and they play an important role in the island’s ecosystem by controlling rodent populations and other small animals.

    One of the most common snakes found on Tobago is the common racersnake (Alsophis antiguae), which is a small, non-venomous species that is usually found in forested areas. Another species found on Tobago is the brown vine snake (Oxybelis aeneus), which is a slender, arboreal snake that feeds on lizards and small birds.

    The Tobago coral snake (Micrurus circinalis) is also found on the island, although it is relatively rare and is only found in certain areas. This species is venomous, but it is not aggressive and will generally only bite if it feels threatened.

    It is important to note that while Tobago’s snakes are generally not dangerous to humans, visitors to the island should still take care when exploring natural areas and should avoid disturbing or handling any snakes they may encounter.

    Tobago has ~21 species of non-poisonous snakes recored on the island. Sizes range from some inches up to 15 feet. Boa Constrictors, Ratonels, Horsewhips, Doctor snakes etc. are a common sight in developed areas.

    1. Trinidad Burrowing Snake –  Amerotyphlops trinitatus
    2.  Boa Constrictor – Macajuel – boa constrictor
    3. Tree Boa – Cascabel – Corallus ruschenbergerii
    4. Rainbow Boa – Epicrates maurus
    5. Tobago false Coral – Erythrolamprus ocellatus
    6. Doctor Snake – Erythrolamprus melanotus
    7.  Ratonel – Pseudoboa neuwiedii
    8. Royal ground snake – Erythrolamprus reginae
    9. false coral – Oxyrhopus petolarius
    10. Tobago one-lined snake – Atractus cf. univittatus
    11. Three-lined ground snake – Atractus trilineatus
    12. Fiddle-string snake – Imantodes cenchoa
    13. Cat-eyed snake – Imantodes cenchoa
    14. Red-nape snake – Ninia atrata
    15. Clouded snake – Sibon nebulatus
    16. Black snake – Drymarchon couperi
    17. Parrot snake – Leptophis ahaetulla
    18. Machete – Mastigodryas boddaerti dunni
    19. Horsewhip – Oxybelis aeneus
    20. Tigre – Spilotes pullatus
    21. Black-head snake – Tantilla melanocephala
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    It’s Turtle Season

    Nesting Sea Turtles

    Between March and August each year, giant leather-backs, Hawks-bill, and Green sea turtles visit the shores of Tobago to lay their eggs. The process can take up to 2 hours from start to finish, going longer sometimes if the turtles are disturbed.

    Some turtles will make multiply visits to the shores during the season untill the right spot is found. Once the nesting process is complete – aproximately 60 days later, baby turtle hatchlings will emerge from the sand.


    What happens :

    • A sea turtle will find the right spot for a nest by checking the sand with both front and back flippers.
    • Sea Turtles dig holes up to 2.5 feet deep with back flippers only.
    • Once the right depth is met – between 60 -100 eggs are layed.
    • Sea Turtles will then gentle cover eggs with back flippers only.
    • They will then use both flippers to camouflage the area around the nest.
    • Once completed they then slowly return to the sea.


    Popular Bays for sightings:

    • Turtle Beach – Great Courland Bay
    • Grafton Bay – Stone Haven Bay
    • Back Bay – Mt. Irvine
    • Lambeau Beach – Little Rockly Bay

    Protection Guidelines

    • If possible, do not disturb, obstruct or approach a turtle that is coming to shore, laying or covering its nest.
    • Never handle Turtle eggs or try to sit, stand or ride on a Turtle.
    • Avoid using bright lights as it can confuse the Turtles or cause them to abandon their nests.
    • If observing – stay up to 20 feet away from Turtles while they are nesting.
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    The Cocrico Bird

    The Cocrico bird, is a bird species native to Tobago. It is a large, ground-dwelling bird that is known for its distinctive call, which sounds like “cock-a-rico”.

    The Cocrico bird is found throughout Tobago and especially in Tobago’s Main Ridge Forest Reserve, a protected area of lush rainforest that covers over 14,000 acres. The bird is an important symbol of Tobago’s natural heritage and is featured on the country’s coat of arms.

    The Cocrico bird is a beautiful bird with a distinctive appearance. It has a brown body with a white-tipped tail, a bright red crest on its neck. The bird is primarily a fruit eater and is an important seed disperser in the forest ecosystem.

    Due to habitat loss and hunting, the Cocrico bird is considered a vulnerable species, and efforts are underway to protect and conserve the bird and its habitat. Visitors to Tobago can take guided tours of the Main Ridge Forest Reserve to see the Cocrico bird and other endemic bird species in their natural habitat.